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Browse AllAs automotive manufacturers have tried to set themselves apart by reducing emissions, and increasing vehicle range/fuel economy by eliminating any energy loss from inefficiencies on the vehicle, the brake corners have been an area of interest to reduce off-brake torque to zero in all conditions. Caliper designers can revise some attributes like piston seal grooves, and pad retraction features to reduce drag, but even if a caliper is designed perfectly in all aspects, trying to measure it in a reliable and repeatable manner proves to be difficult. There are many ways to measure brake drag all with ranging complexity. Some of the simplest measurements are the most repeatable, but it excludes the majority of the vehicle inputs. The most vehicle representative testing requires the most complex equipment and comes with the most challenges. This paper will focus mainly on the different ways residual brake drag can be measured, the benefits and challenges to each of them, the problems trying
As the ICE vehicle changes into the EV, we can use regenerative brake. It can improve not only the energy consumption but also reduce the hydraulic brake usage. The less hydraulic brake usage mitigates the heat loading on the brake disc. From this reason, the lightweight brake can be used in the EV. However, when the lightweight brake is applied, the brake NVH can be increased. The optimization design of the lightweight brake should be done to prevent the brake NVH. In this paper, the optimal brake disc thickness and brake interfaces are determined by using of disc heat capacity analysis. The lightweight brake should be optimized by using of the brake squeal analysis. We can verify the results from both analysis and test. Finally, we can have the lightweight brake, which is competitive in terms of cost, weight and robust to the brake NVH.
Bearings are essential mechanical components that support external loads and facilitate rotational motion. With the increasing demand for high-performance applications in industries such as semiconductors, aerospace, and robotics, the need for accurate and robust performance evaluation has intensified. Traditionally, bearing performance has been assessed using static or quasi-static theoretical approaches. However, these methods are limited in their ability to capture time-dependent behaviors, which are critical in real-world applications. In this study, a rigid body dynamics analysis was proposed to evaluate the time-dependent behavior of bearings. The methodology was first applied to a deep groove ball bearing, and the results were compared with those obtained from bearing theory to validate the approach. Subsequently, the method was extended to an automotive wheel bearing, and the time-dependent contact angles and ball loads were analyzed under axial and radial loading conditions
As Lowmet pad porosity increases, pad hardness decreases; pad ISO compressibility increases; the nominal friction coefficient increases (SAE J2522); and the disc wear/pad wear decreases. Brake squeal occurrence is affected by the total wear of disc and pads; the wear differential between the inboard pad and outboard pad; pad tangential taper; and pad hardness/material damping. Also, pad chamfer shape has a strong influence on brake squeal occurrence.
In an earlier publication, it was reported that the pad compressibility measured under 160 bars on NAO formulas keeps decreasing with increasing number of repeated measurements due to unrecoverable residual deformation of the friction material combined with increasing moisture adsorption, which increases the hardness of the friction material. This current investigation was undertaken to find out if this same phenomenon occurs for NAOs under a low pressure of 100 bars during compressibility measurements and under 700N during dynamic modulus measurements. In all cases, it is found that the same phenomenon occurs, meaning that friction materials become permanently compressed without full recovery, making them harder to compress and raising up the modulus. The dynamic modulus of friction material attached to a backplate is found to be lower as compared with the friction material without the backplate, which is caused by more rapid moisture adsorption of friction material pads without a
The effective reduction of particulate emissions from modern vehicles has shifted the focus toward emissions from tire wear, brake wear, road surface wear, and re-suspended particulate emissions. To meet future EU air quality standards and even stricter WHO targets for PM2.5, a reduction in non-exhaust particulate (NEP) emissions seems to be essential. For this reason, the EURO 7 emissions regulation contains limits for PM and PN emissions from brakes and tire abrasion. Graz University of Technology develops test methods, simulation tools and evaluates technologies for the reduction of brake wear particles and is involved in and leads several international research projects on this topic. The results are applied in emission models such as HBEFA (Handbook on Emission Factors). In this paper, we present our brake emission simulation approach, which calculates the power at the wheels and mechanical brakes, as well as corresponding rotational speeds for vehicles using longitudinal dynamics
This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for replicating and quantifying the clicking-noise phenomenon occurring between Generation 3-wheel hub bearings and Constant Velocity Joints (CVJ), particularly in electric vehicles (EVs) where quiet operation makes this noise more noticeable. The study focuses on characterizing the system through contact pressure and distribution measurements, alternating torque tests, and advanced NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) data processing. The methodology includes detailed descriptions of the physical phenomena, driving conditions generating the noise, and the specific test setup used to simulate real-world conditions. The NVH analysis make use of high-pass filtering techniques to isolate clicking-noise events from background noise, ensuring accurate identification and quantification. Candidate solutions are assessed based on their ability to mitigate clicking noise through the utilization of inherent system components. The results